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Cantonese (from English)

Cantonese for English speakers

This is a complete, hand-curated guide to learning Cantonese as an English speaker — tools, tutors, books, courses, SRS decks, media and vocabulary, migrated from the original LinguaCommons resource guide.

A1.1Beginner · Foundations

1. Absolute Beginners — Start Here

Cantonese is among the most challenging languages for native speakers of European languages. Progress requires sustained daily effort & patience — it is a long-term commitment, not a short-term project. If your motivation is rooted in genuine interest in Cantonese language & culture, that is your strongest asset.

Core Principles

  • Study every day. Missing one session is acceptable; missing multiple consecutive days is not.
  • Consistency outweighs session length, but sessions should not be too brief.
  • Do not study Cantonese & Mandarin simultaneously — the overlap will cause confusion.
  • Choose quality resources, commit to them, & do not give up.

Romanization Systems

Two systems are in common use:

  • Jyutping — the standard used throughout this guide & recommended for new learners.
  • Yale — an older system; still found in many published textbooks.

Key conversion tools are listed in the Online Tools section below.

A1.2Beginner · Building Basics

2. Online Tools

3. Finding a Tutor

  • iTalkiis the recommended platform for booking Cantonese lessons. It is a facilitated marketplace with filters for tutor origin, languages spoken, & hourly rate. Lessons can be scheduled flexibly, & tutors range from community teachers to professional instructors.

Two recommended Cantonese tutors on iTalki: Eva Wong (fafa) & Sharon Cen.

Referral: Use code f0Fcbf for $5 off your first lesson.

  • Preplya comparable alternative to iTalki; well-regarded by both tutors & learners.
  • InspirlangJade Jia Ying Wu offers private lessons independently. More expensive than iTalki/Preply, but valuable for advanced learners or those with specific interest in Taishanese. She is also the author of the Learn to Speak Cantonese beginner series (Volumes I & II).
A2.1Elementary · Everyday Language

4. Books

All titles below are recommended; Yale romanization unless noted.

  • Learn to Speak Cantonese I — Jade Jia Ying Wu (Jyutping) — available via AbeBooks.
  • Learn to Speak Cantonese II — Jade Jia Ying Wu (Jyutping) — available via Barnes & Noble.
  • Basic Cantonese Grammar (Yale) — available via AbeBooks.
  • Intermediate Cantonese Grammar (Yale) — available via AbeBooks.
  • Cantonese Physical Dictionary (Yale) — useful reference for vocabulary lookup.

5. Complete Courses

  • Cantonese101.coma structured, comprehensive course with excellent vocabulary lists, SRS tools, & PDF materials. The platform is self-promotional, but the content quality is high. If committing to this course, the full premium tier is recommended to consolidate all study into one platform. Supplement with iTalki lessons. Expensive.
  • FSI Cantonesea free government-produced course. Solid audio content & structured lessons, but uses Yale exclusively & has a dated interface. A strong free option.
  • Ling Appgamified language learning in the style of Duolingo. Strong dialogues, good for review & daily habit-building. Recommended.
  • Mango Languagesfalls between Cantonese101 & Ling in scope & approach. Solid course; may be accessible free via a library card. Choose one course platform & commit to it rather than switching between options.
  • Inspirlang Coursesincludes Boba Break Cantonese & additional structured lessons. Register on the website to access materials.
  • Canto-Conversations$100 for a curated set of native-speaker dialogues with vocabulary lists & transcripts. Good value for the content provided.
A2.2Elementary · Expanding Range

6. Spaced Repetition Systems

Anki

  • Anki($25, one-time purchase; iOS/Android/Windows/macOS) is the most effective memorization tool available, using the SM2 or FSRS algorithm. It is highly customizable & applicable to any subject requiring memorization. Before building decks, review the AnKing YouTube channel for guidance on note types, card styling, & settings.

Also review AnKing's paid add-ons via their Patreon.

  • FSI Cantonese Deck — vocabulary with native speaker audio.
  • Cantonese TOCFL Level 2, 3, 4, 5–6 — example sentences, cloze cards, & graded vocabulary.

LingQ

  • LingQ(free & paid tiers) — best suited for intermediate learners. Combines a multilingual dictionary, native-speaker audio, AI-generated TTS, & an integrated SRS. Supports .EPUB import for reading Cantonese texts. Optimized for tablet use (iPad recommended). Tap unknown words while reading to get instant definitions & add them to your word bank.

7. Vocabulary Resources

  • CantoPod 101Curated vocabulary lists & supplementary video content from CantoPod 101 — coming soon.
B1.1Intermediate · Independent Use

8. Podcasts

9. Cantonese Children's TV

Excellent for training your ear with natural, accessible speech.

B1.2Intermediate · Connected Language

10. Video Resources

  • 5 Minute Cantonese — high-quality short lessons; covers all English→Cantonese videos. Also produces Italian→Cantonese content.
  • Netflixfilter by original Cantonese audio for authentic immersion content.

11. Cantonese Cooking

  • Made with Laua YouTube channel & website featuring traditional Cantonese recipes narrated with integrated Cantonese vocabulary & language content. Highly recommended for combining cultural immersion with practical cooking.
B2.1Upper-Intermediate · Fluency & Nuance

12. Cantonese Films

The following are recommended films with original Cantonese audio:

  • Chungking Express (重慶森林, 1994) — Wong Kar-wai
  • Happy Together (春光乍洩, 1997) — Wong Kar-wai
  • In the Mood for Love (花樣年華, 2000) — Wong Kar-wai
  • Fallen Angels (墮落天使, 1995) — Wong Kar-wai
  • Hand Rolled Cigarette (手捲煙, 2020)

Note: Bruce Lee films are not available with Cantonese audio; releases are in Mandarin only.

13. Cantonese Music

Immersive listening to Cantonese music supports tonal & phonological awareness.

  • My Little Airport 小機場
  • C-All Star
  • ToNick
  • Jacky Cheung 張學友
  • Andy Lau 劉德華
B2.2Upper-Intermediate · Consolidation

14. Online Dictionaries

  • CC-CantoCantonese-English dictionary with Jyutping & audio.
  • Cantonese.sheik.co.ukcomprehensive dictionary with grammar tools & romanization converters.

15. Chrome Extensions

  • Inject Jyutpingoverlays Jyutping romanization on Chinese characters in-browser.
  • Language Reactorenhances Netflix & YouTube with dual subtitles, pop-up definitions, & sentence mining.

16. Miscellaneous

  • r/Cantoneseactive community for questions, resources, & general Cantonese content.
  • zbfgrk.orgHong Kong–based bookstore with international shipping; good source for graphic novels & Cantonese-language books.
  • YesAsia.comimporter of Hong Kong media; recommended for acquiring DVDs with original Cantonese audio tracks.
  • Library Genesis — free eBook repository. Filter by language & file type (.EPUB) for texts compatible with LingQ import.

17. Contact & Feedback

  • stevelegg2000@gmail.comFeedback & additional resource suggestions are welcome. Contact: stevelegg2000@gmail.com

Last updated: 2024-10-24 · Author: Steven Legg

18. Core 100 Vocabulary

A starter vocabulary set covering the most useful Cantonese words for everyday conversation. All romanization uses Jyutping; all characters are Traditional. Multi-character entries are listed as a single vocabulary item. Numbers in the tone column follow the standard 1–6 scale (1 = high level, 6 = low entering).

Note: Cantonese has several words that differ entirely from their Mandarin equivalents — 冇 (mou5, "to not have"), 嚟 (lei4, "to come"), 嘢 (je5, "thing"), 屋企 (uk1 kei2, "home"), and 唔 (m4, "not") are among the most immediately useful.

Cantonese has two distinct "thank you" expressions — 唔該 for services, help, or anything ongoing (holding a door, handing you something), and 多謝 for gifts or genuine expressions of gratitude. Using them correctly is immediately noticed and appreciated by native speakers.

Pronouns

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
1ngo5I, me
2nei5you (singular)
3keoi5he / she / it (gender-neutral)
4我哋我哋ngo5 dei6we, us
5你哋你哋nei5 dei6you (plural)
6佢哋佢哋keoi5 dei6they, them

Core Verbs

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
7hai6to be (is, am, are)
8jau5to have; there is/are
9mou5to not have; there is/are not (Cantonese-specific)
10heoi3to go
11lei4to come (Cantonese form; cf. Mandarin 來)
12sik6to eat
13jam2to drink
14zou6to do, to make
15tai2to look at, to watch, to read
16ting1to listen, to hear
17gong2to speak, to say, to tell
18soeng2to think; to want; to miss someone
19jiu3to want; to need; will
20zi1to know (a fact)
21sik1to know (a person or skill); can, to be able to
22maai5to buy
23maai6to sell
24jung6to use
25oi3to love
26bong1to help
27man6to ask
28wan2to look for; to find (Cantonese-specific)
29co5to sit
30haang4to walk; to go (on foot)
31faan1to return, to go back
32hoi1to open; to start; to turn on
33giu3to be called/named; to call out; to order (food)
34zyu6to live (somewhere); to stay
35hok6to learn, to study
36siu3to laugh, to smile

Nouns

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
37jan4person, people
38朋友朋友pang4 jau5friend
39家人家人gaa1 jan4family members
40屋企屋企uk1 kei2home (colloquial Cantonese; cf. 家 in Mandarin)
41學校学校hok6 haau6school
42工作工作gung1 zok3work, job
43cin2money
44時間时间si4 gaan3time
45jat6day; sun
46星期星期sing1 kei4week
47jyut6month; moon
48nin4year
49je5thing(s), stuff (Cantonese-specific colloquial)
50地方地方dei6 fong1place, location
51香港香港hoeng1 gong2Hong Kong
52廣東話广东话gwong2 dung1 waa2Cantonese language
53中文中文zung1 man4Chinese language / Chinese writing
54faan6cooked rice; a meal
55seoi2water
56caa4tea
57ce1vehicle, car; (measure word for vehicles)
58lou6road, path, route
59ming4name; fame
60zi6written character, word
61syu1book
62手機手机sau2 gei1mobile phone (lit. hand-machine)
63問題问题man6 tai4question; problem
64語言语言jyu5 jin4language

Adjectives

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
65hou2good; very (also used as an intensifier)
66daai6big, large
67sai3small, little (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 小 xiǎo)
68do1many, much, more
69siu2few, little, less
70gwai3expensive
71peng4cheap, inexpensive
72leng3beautiful, pretty, good-looking (Cantonese-specific)
73faai3fast, quick
74maan6slow
75jit6hot
76dung3cold (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 冷 lěng)
77naan4difficult, hard
78容易容易jung4 ji6easy

Numbers

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
79jat1one
80ji6two
81saam1three
82sei3four
83ng5five
84luk6six
85cat1seven
86baat3eight
87gau2nine
88sap6ten

Particles & Common Expressions

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
89m4not (Cantonese negation; replaces 不 bù)
90gei2how many; quite, rather (幾好 = pretty good)
91gam3so, like that; in that case (Cantonese-specific)
92而家而家ji4 gaa1now, right now (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 現在)
93今日今日gam1 jat6today
94聽日听日ting1 jat6tomorrow (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 明天)
95尋日寻日cam4 jat6yesterday (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 昨天)
96sin1first; (softens a request: 等我先 = let me first)
97ngaam1correct, right; just now; to fit (Cantonese-specific)
98dak1OK, can, acceptable (used as a standalone reply)
99唔該唔该m4 goi1thank you (for a service or action); excuse me
100多謝多谢do1 ze6thank you (for a gift or favour)

Words 101–200

The second hundred extends into practical daily vocabulary: colours, body parts, food, directions, family terms, and the expressive sentence-final particles that give Cantonese so much of its personality. All characters in Traditional form.

Colours

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
101紅色红色hung4 sik1red
102藍色蓝色laam4 sik1blue
103綠色绿色luk6 sik1green
104黃色黄色wong4 sik1yellow
105白色白色baak6 sik1white
106黑色黑色haak1 sik1black

Body Parts

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
107tau4head
108ngaan5eye
109ji5ear
110bei6nose
111hau2mouth
112sau2hand
113goek3foot; leg (Cantonese uses 腳 for both)
114sam1heart; mind; feelings

Food

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
115min6noodles
116juk6meat
117jyu4fish
118gai1chicken
119coi3vegetable; dish; side dish
120tong1soup; broth

Time Expressions

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
121朝早朝早ziu1 zou2morning (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 早上)
122下晝下昼haa6 zau3afternoon (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 下午)
123夜晚夜晚je6 maan5evening; night (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 晚上)
124噚晚㖊晚cam4 maan5last night (Cantonese-specific)
125下個星期下个星期haa6 go3 sing1 kei4next week
126上個月上个月soeng6 go3 jyut6last month

Directions & Location

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
127入面入面jap6 min6inside (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 裡面)
128出面出面ceot1 min6outside (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 外面)
129上面上面soeng6 min6on top; above
130下面下面haa6 min6below; underneath
131前面前面cin4 min6in front
132後面后面hau6 min6behind; at the back
133zo2left
134jau6right
135中間中间zung1 gaan1middle; between

More Verbs

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
136daa2to hit; to make (a call); to play (sports)
137paau2to run
138fei1to fly
139se2to write
140duk6to read (aloud); to study
141coeng3to sing
142tiu3to jump; to dance
143jap6to enter; to go in; to insert
144ceot1to exit; to go out; to come out
145起身起身hei2 san1to get up; to wake up (Cantonese-specific)

Family

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
146爸爸爸爸baa4 baa1father; dad
147媽媽妈妈maa4 maa1mother; mum
148兄弟兄弟hing1 dai6brothers; male siblings
149姐妹姐妹ze2 mui6sisters; female siblings
150zai2son; boy; (colloquial affectionate suffix)

Question Words

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
151點解点解dim2 gaai2why? (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 為什麼)
152點樣点样dim2 joeng2how? what's it like? (Cantonese-specific)
153幾時几时gei2 si4when? what time?
154邊度边度bin1 dou6where? (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 哪裡)
155邊個边个bin1 go3who? which one? (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 誰)

Weather & Environment

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
156天氣天气tin1 hei3weather
157落雨落雨lok6 jyu5to rain (Cantonese; lit. 'falling rain')
158fung1wind
159太陽太阳taai3 joeng4sun; sunshine

Numbers & Quantities

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
160baak3hundred
161cin1thousand
162maan6ten thousand (used very commonly in everyday speech)
163ling4zero; remainder
164幾多几多gei2 do1how many; how much (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 多少)

Adjectives

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
165san1new; fresh
166gau6old; used; worn
167重要重要zung6 jiu3important
168有趣有趣jau5 ceoi3interesting
169開心开心hoi1 sam1happy (lit. 'open heart'; very common in Cantonese)
170唔開心唔开心m4 hoi1 sam1unhappy; sad

Places

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
171房間房间fong2 gaan1room; bedroom
172廚房厨房cyu4 fong2kitchen
173廁所厕所ci3 so2toilet; bathroom
174超市超市ciu1 si5supermarket
175醫院医院ji1 jyun2hospital
176銀行银行ngan4 hong4bank

Clothes & Shopping

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
177saam1shirt; clothes (Cantonese colloquial; cf. Mandarin 衣服)
178fu3trousers; pants
179haai4shoes
180幾多錢几多钱gei2 do1 cin2how much (money)? (essential shopping phrase)

Expressions & Sentence-Final Particles

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
181唔好意思唔好意思m4 hou2 ji3 si1sorry; excuse me; I'm embarrassed (Cantonese-specific phrasing)
182唔緊要唔紧要m4 gan2 jiu3never mind; it doesn't matter
183無所謂无所谓mou4 so2 wai6doesn't matter; I don't mind; whatever
184係咁先系咁先hai6 gam3 sin1that's all for now; see you (casual sign-off)
185係喎系㖞hai6 wo3oh really? is that so? (surprise particle)
186laa3sentence-final particle: completion or change of state
187lo3sentence-final particle: obvious or resigned tone
188gaa3sentence-final particle: assertion or emphasis (Cantonese-specific)
189即係即系zik1 hai6that is; meaning; i.e. (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 就是說)
190唔係唔系m4 hai6not; it's not; no (negation of 係)

More Everyday Verbs

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
191瞓覺瞓觉fan3 gaau3to sleep (Cantonese; lit. 'fall into sleep')
192waan2to play; to hang out; to have fun
193dang2to wait (cf. Mandarin 等 děng)
194si3to try; to taste; to test
195記得记得gei3 dak1to remember
196忘記忘记mong4 gei3to forget
197緊張紧张gan2 zoeng1nervous; tense; urgent
198辛苦辛苦san1 fu2hard work; tiring; (said to someone working: you've worked hard)
199小心小心siu2 sam1be careful; take care
200加油加油gaa1 jau4keep it up; you can do it; go for it (universal expression of encouragement)

Words 201–300

The third hundred builds conversational depth: transport, technology, emotions, abstract concepts, and more Cantonese-specific expressions that distinguish the language from Mandarin. All characters in Traditional form.

Transport & Getting Around

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
201地鐵地铁dei6 tit3MTR / metro / subway
202巴士巴士baa1 si2bus (loanword)
203的士的士dik1 si2taxi (loanword; from 'taxi')
204飛機飞机fei1 gei1airplane
205火車火车fo2 ce1train
206單車单车daan1 ce1bicycle (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 自行車)
207syun4boat; ship
208zaam6station; stop (bus/train)
209落車落车lok6 ce1to get off (a vehicle) — Cantonese-specific phrasing
210上車上车soeng5 ce1to get on (a vehicle)

Technology & Communication

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
211手機手机sau2 gei1mobile phone; smartphone
212電腦电脑din6 nou5computer
213網絡网络mong5 lok3network; internet
214短訊短讯dyun2 seon3text message; SMS
215打電話打电话daa2 din6 waa2to make a phone call
216傳送传送cyun4 sung3to send; to transmit
217相片相片soeng3 pin2photo; photograph
218上網上网soeng5 mong5to go online; to access the internet
219充電充电cung1 din6to charge (a battery)
220密碼密码mat6 maa5password; PIN

Emotions & States of Mind

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
221geng1scared; startled; surprised (Cantonese-specific use)
222nau1angry (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 生氣)
223faan4annoyed; troubled; vexed
224肉緊肉紧juk6 gan2nervous excitement; tension (colloquial Cantonese)
225感動感动gam2 dung6moved (emotionally); touched
226後悔后悔hau6 fui3to regret; to feel remorse
227擔心担心daam1 sam1to worry; to be concerned
228放心放心fong3 sam1to set one's mind at ease; don't worry
229傷心伤心soeng1 sam1heartbroken; grieved
230驕傲骄傲giu1 ngou6proud; arrogant

Health & Body

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
231beng6ill; sick; disease
232頭痛头痛tau4 tung3headache; head hurts
233發燒发烧faat3 siu1to have a fever
234kat1to cough
235流鼻水流鼻水lau4 bei6 seoi2runny nose (lit. 'flowing nose water')
236joek6medicine; medication
237醫生医生ji1 sang1doctor; physician
238護士护士wu6 si6nurse
239手術手术sau2 seot6surgery; operation
240休息休息jau1 sik1to rest; to take a break

Education & Work

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
241老師老师lou5 si1teacher
242同學同学tung4 hok6classmate; fellow student
243考試考试haau2 si3exam; to sit an examination
244功課功课gung1 fo3homework; schoolwork
245報告报告bou3 gou3report; to report
246會議会议wui5 ji5meeting; conference
247公司公司gung1 si1company; corporation
248老闆老板lou5 baan2boss; employer
249同事同事tung4 si6colleague; co-worker
250搵工揾工wan2 gung1to look for a job (Cantonese-specific)

Food & Drink (Extended)

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
251茶樓茶楼caa4 lau4teahouse; dim sum restaurant
252點心点心dim2 sam1dim sum
253zuk1congee; rice porridge
254min6noodles
255faan6cooked rice; meal
256麵包面包min6 baau1bread
257daan2egg
258豆腐豆腐dau6 fu6tofu; bean curd
259醬油酱油zoeng3 jau4soy sauce
260凍飲冻饮dung3 jam2cold drink (Cantonese ordering term)

Nature & Environment

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
261saan1mountain; hill
262hoi2sea; ocean
263ho4river
264syu6tree
265faa1flower
266cou2grass; herb
267sek6stone; rock
268dei6ground; land; earth; place
269天空天空tin1 hung1sky
270syut3snow

Abstract & Everyday Concepts

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
271問題问题man6 tai4problem; question; issue
272答案答案daap3 on3answer; solution
273原因原因jyun4 jan1reason; cause
274結果结果git3 gwo2result; outcome; consequently
275方法方法fong1 faat3method; way; approach
276機會机会gei1 wui6opportunity; chance
277決定决定kyut3 ding6to decide; decision
278計劃计划gai3 waak6plan; project; to plan
279改變改变goi2 bin3to change; change; alteration
280發展发展faat3 zin2development; to develop

Cantonese-Specific Expressions

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
281搞掂搞掂gaau2 dim6done; sorted; all settled (very common Cantonese)
282冇問題冇问题mou5 man6 tai4no problem (Cantonese form)
283差唔多差唔多caa1 m4 do1almost; more or less; about the same
284唔洗唔洗m4 sai2no need to; don't have to (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 不用)
285係囉系啰hai6 lo3exactly; that's right (emphatic agreement)
286梗係梗系gang2 hai6of course; obviously (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 當然)
287唔知唔知m4 zi1don't know (standard Cantonese negation of 知)
288話咁快话咁快waa6 gam3 faai3in no time; before you know it (idiomatic)
289點都好点都好dim2 dou1 hou2no matter what; either way; regardless
290一齊一齐jat1 cai4together; at the same time

Quantities, Money & Shopping

#CharacterSimplifiedJyutpingMeaning
291peng4cheap; inexpensive (Cantonese; cf. Mandarin 便宜)
292gwai3expensive; noble; your (honorific)
293打折打折daa2 zit3discount; on sale
294收據收据sau1 geoi3receipt
295信用卡信用卡seon3 jung6 kaat1credit card
296零錢零钱ling4 cin2change (coins); small money
297fo3goods; merchandise; cargo
298deng6to order; to book; to subscribe
299sung3to deliver; to give as a gift; to send
300準時准时zeon2 si4on time; punctual

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