Title: LinguaCommons — Hmong (White Hmong) (from English)

Q: kuv
A: I; my

Q: koj
A: you (singular); your

Q: nws
A: he, she, it; his, her, its

Q: wb
A: we two (first person dual); our (dual)

Q: neb
A: you two (second person dual); your (dual)

Q: nkawv
A: they two, the two of them (third person dual)

Q: peb
A: we (three or more); our

Q: nej
A: you (three or more); your

Q: lawv
A: they, them; their

Q: dab tsi
A: what

Q: tsi
A: used in dab tsi 'what'

Q: twg
A: which?

Q: thaum twg
A: when? at what time?

Q: li cas
A: how, what

Q: tus
A: classifier for long objects, animals and beings

Q: tug
A: classifier for long objects, animals and beings (variant of tus)

Q: lub
A: classifier for bulky or round objects; buildings; abstract ideas

Q: daim
A: classifier for flat objects — sheets, pages

Q: txoj
A: classifier for lengths and abstractions — strings, strips, paths

Q: cov
A: classifier for groups and plurals; a plural marker

Q: leej
A: classifier for people, especially honoured people

Q: rab
A: classifier for tools and implements with a handle

Q: txhais
A: classifier for arms, hands and feet

Q: nkawm
A: classifier for pairs of objects

Q: nplooj
A: classifier for leaf-like objects

Q: tsob
A: classifier for plants and foliage

Q: tsev
A: classifier for households

Q: zaj
A: classifier for sayings, speeches, poems, chapters, litters of young

Q: thooj
A: classifier for chunks and pieces; sections of a log

Q: ceg
A: classifier for lengths or sections of a journey

Q: fab
A: classifier for sections and divisions

Q: diav
A: classifier for spoonfuls

Q: kaus
A: classifier for bites or bitefuls

Q: tauv
A: classifier for clouds and clusters of fruit

Q: plas
A: classifier for a wide expanse or large area

Q: ntuj
A: classifier for something of vast expanse, as the heavens

Q: yav
A: classifier for the time of day

Q: kev
A: nominalising classifier — 'the way of', -ness

Q: ib
A: one

Q: ob
A: two

Q: peb (number)
A: three

Q: plaub (number)
A: four

Q: tsib
A: five

Q: rau
A: six

Q: xya
A: seven

Q: yim
A: eight

Q: cuaj
A: nine

Q: kaum
A: ten

Q: nees nkaum
A: twenty

Q: pua
A: hundred

Q: puas
A: hundred (variant of pua)

Q: txiv
A: father; husband; also 'fruit', and a prefix forming fruit names

Q: tub
A: son; child; kid

Q: ntxhais
A: daughter; young girl

Q: kwv
A: younger brother

Q: nus
A: brother (as called by his sister)

Q: me nyuam
A: a child (classifier: tus)

Q: menyuam
A: a child (written solid)

Q: nyuam
A: child, baby, kid

Q: tsev neeg
A: family

Q: tswv tsev
A: head of household

Q: hluas nkauj
A: an unmarried or young woman; a girlfriend

Q: hluas nraug
A: a single man; a boyfriend

Q: phooj ywg
A: a friend

Q: tswv
A: lord; master; owner

Q: tswv rooj
A: chairperson; president of a republic

Q: hau
A: the head; a leader, head person; a lid, a cover

Q: kws
A: corn, maize

Q: laib
A: gang, outlaw

Q: tus kws txhais lus
A: interpreter, translator

Q: huablab
A: farang, westerner

Q: tuamham
A: a Thai soldier

Q: nwj (noun)
A: slave

Q: hau pliaj
A: the forehead

Q: pliaj
A: the forehead

Q: plhu
A: cheek

Q: qhov muag
A: eye(s)

Q: plaub muag
A: eyebrows; eyelashes

Q: ntsej
A: ear

Q: qhov ntsej
A: ear; ear canal

Q: ntswg
A: nose

Q: qhov ntswg
A: nose; nostril

Q: qhov ncauj
A: mouth

Q: hniav
A: tooth

Q: ntsej muag
A: the face

Q: qa
A: the throat, vocal cord

Q: hauv siab
A: the chest

Q: plab
A: stomach; abdomen; gut, belly

Q: plawv
A: heart; the centre, the middle

Q: ntsws
A: lung(s)

Q: hlwb
A: brain; marrow

Q: paj hlwb
A: the brain

Q: hnyuv
A: intestines, guts

Q: hnyuv dawb
A: small intestine

Q: hnyuv dub
A: large intestine

Q: txiav
A: the pancreas; the spleen

Q: txha
A: bone(s); skeleton

Q: ntshav
A: blood

Q: plaub
A: hair, fur, feathers

Q: plaub hau
A: hair of the head

Q: hauv caug
A: knee

Q: luj taws
A: the heel of the foot

Q: luj tshib
A: the elbow

Q: qaum
A: the back

Q: ntsag
A: the hips; the buttocks

Q: tw
A: tail

Q: qhov tsos
A: armpit

Q: txaj
A: a room; a bed, a sleeping platform; a mattress

Q: qhov rooj
A: door; gate

Q: qhov rais
A: window

Q: qhov cub
A: cooking fire; stove; fireplace

Q: lub phaj
A: dish (food vessel)

Q: hub
A: a clay pot or vase for storing food or water

Q: hwj
A: bottle; flask; kettle

Q: hwj kais
A: teapot, tea kettle

Q: tsom iav
A: mirror

Q: txiab
A: scissors

Q: txaug
A: chisel

Q: hwvtaus
A: hatchet

Q: liag
A: sickle

Q: hlau
A: iron; steel; metal; also a hoe or spade

Q: duav
A: spatula, paddle; shovel

Q: piab
A: adze

Q: hneev
A: Hmong crossbow

Q: hmuv
A: spear, lance

Q: phom
A: gun; firearm; cannon

Q: hnab
A: bag, sack, sheath

Q: hnab tshos
A: pocket

Q: hlua
A: rope

Q: hlab
A: a belt, sash, cord

Q: hlab nyiaj
A: a traditional sash hung with silver coins

Q: tsho
A: shirt, jacket, coat

Q: tsho loj
A: coat

Q: tsho tiv nag
A: a raincoat

Q: tsho tiv no
A: a sweater, a warm jacket

Q: phuam
A: a cloth, a rag; a towel; a turban

Q: nyias
A: a cloth for carrying a baby on the back

Q: tsheb
A: vehicle; car

Q: log
A: wheel; tyre

Q: tshuab
A: machine

Q: nyiaj
A: silver; money, cash; a silver neck ring

Q: paj ntaub
A: paj ntaub — Hmong story-cloth embroidery

Q: qeej
A: the qeej, the Hmong reed mouth organ

Q: pluas mov
A: a meal

Q: fawm
A: pho; noodles generally

Q: qe
A: egg (classifier: lub); cocoon

Q: ntses
A: fish

Q: ntsev
A: salt

Q: qej
A: garlic

Q: qhiav
A: ginger

Q: dos
A: onion, leek

Q: dib
A: cucumber; melon

Q: lws
A: eggplant

Q: hwj txob
A: black pepper

Q: huabxeeb
A: peanut

Q: lauj pwm
A: tuber, root vegetable; turnip

Q: txiv hmab
A: grape

Q: txiv cawv
A: grape

Q: txiv duaj
A: peach

Q: txiv ev paum
A: apple

Q: txiv kab ntxwv
A: orange

Q: txiv kab ntxwv loj
A: grapefruit

Q: txiv lws suav
A: tomato

Q: txiv maj naus
A: lemon

Q: txiv maj mib
A: jackfruit

Q: txiv maj phaub
A: coconut

Q: tshuaj yej
A: tea

Q: hnyuv ntxwm
A: sausage

Q: hnav
A: perilla; sesame

Q: ntuj (noun)
A: the sky, the heavens

Q: hnub
A: sun; day

Q: hli
A: moon; month

Q: hli ntuj
A: a month

Q: hnub qub
A: star

Q: huab
A: cloud; fog

Q: huab cua
A: the weather

Q: tshav
A: sunlight, the light of the heavens; a broad level plain

Q: tshav ntuj
A: daylight, daytime

Q: hmo
A: night

Q: hmos
A: night

Q: ntug
A: daybreak, the light of day; edge, rim; shore, bank

Q: pa dej teev
A: lake

Q: nyom
A: grass; weed

Q: hmab
A: vine, creeper

Q: paj
A: flower; floral pattern; interest (on money)

Q: ntxhuav
A: clumps of moss or short grass

Q: qhov
A: hole, pit; slot; tunnel; place; thing

Q: tsiaj
A: animal

Q: nyuj
A: cow or bull

Q: twm
A: buffalo, water buffalo

Q: tshis
A: goat

Q: qaib
A: chicken

Q: lau qaib
A: rooster

Q: os
A: a duck

Q: tsov
A: tiger

Q: tsov ntxhuav
A: a lion

Q: ntxhw
A: elephant

Q: liab
A: monkey

Q: hma
A: wolf, jackal, fox, coyote — wild dog-like animals

Q: luav
A: a rabbit, hare; a donkey

Q: tsuag
A: mouse, rat

Q: ntshuab
A: otter

Q: qav
A: frog

Q: qav kaws
A: toad; frog

Q: ntses nab
A: eel

Q: ntses qa
A: lizard

Q: ntsaum
A: ant

Q: tuv
A: louse

Q: plas (noun)
A: owl

Q: tus uab lag
A: crow; raven

Q: vaub kib
A: turtle

Q: lim piam
A: a week

Q: lim tiam
A: a week

Q: lwm xyoo
A: next year

Q: pliag
A: an instant, a moment

Q: hnub ntseg
A: noon

Q: hnub qaij
A: afternoon

Q: ob hlis ntuj
A: February

Q: peb hlis ntuj
A: March

Q: plaub hlis ntuj
A: April

Q: tsib hlis ntuj
A: May

Q: cuaj hlis ntuj
A: September

Q: mus
A: to go

Q: nyob
A: to reside, dwell, live, stay

Q: noj
A: to eat

Q: hu
A: to call

Q: hu ua
A: to be called or named

Q: nug
A: to ask; to question

Q: nyeem
A: to read

Q: kawm
A: to study, to learn

Q: kawm ntawv
A: to study books; to attend school

Q: nkag siab
A: to understand

Q: nco
A: to remember, to memorise; to miss someone

Q: nco ntsoov
A: to remember; to miss someone

Q: ntsoov
A: to remember; to miss someone

Q: ntseeg
A: to believe; to trust

Q: nyiam
A: to like, to favour, to care for

Q: ntxub
A: to hate

Q: nwj
A: to kiss

Q: nyiag
A: to steal

Q: ntxuav
A: to wash

Q: ntxhua
A: to scrub, to wash by scrubbing

Q: tsaug (verb)
A: to rinse; to wash by shaking in water

Q: khawb
A: to dig; to excavate

Q: kaw
A: to close, to shut; to saw

Q: kav
A: to manage, govern, rule; to protect

Q: kam
A: to be willing, agreeable

Q: kaus (verb)
A: to gouge out, to scrape

Q: kaws
A: to gnaw, to chew upon

Q: khaub
A: to wind around, to encircle

Q: khaub thuas
A: to have a cold

Q: npaj
A: to devise, prepare, get ready

Q: npau
A: to bubble up, to boil; to be angry

Q: nphau
A: to tip over

Q: nkag
A: to crawl, to go beneath

Q: ncig
A: to encircle, to go completely around

Q: mus kav khw
A: to shop, to go shopping

Q: ncig yuav khoom
A: to go shopping, to buy goods from a store

Q: ntoo (verb)
A: to wear on the head, to put on a hat

Q: ntuav
A: to vomit

Q: ntug (verb)
A: to grow, to enlarge

Q: ntsws (verb)
A: to wither, to shrink

Q: su
A: to swell, to rise; to increase in volume

Q: suav
A: to count

Q: tas
A: to finish

Q: tau
A: to get, gain, obtain; perfective marker; potential mood marker

Q: tauv (verb)
A: to dam up, to hold back

Q: tav
A: to herd animals; to lay down across; to prune

Q: teev
A: to build a dam; to fill up a cup

Q: tiam
A: to worship, to make offerings to

Q: tig
A: to turn; to revolve, to rotate

Q: tiv
A: to oppose, to resist, to endure

Q: tiv thaiv
A: to protect, defend, prevent

Q: tom
A: to bite

Q: tshaib plab
A: to be hungry

Q: tshee
A: to shiver, to tremble

Q: tshuab (verb)
A: to blow

Q: ua tsaug
A: thank you (literally 'to do thanks')

Q: zoo
A: good, fine, well

Q: zoo nkauj
A: beautiful, admirable

Q: qub
A: old

Q: hluas
A: young; single, without a partner

Q: hlob
A: older

Q: yau
A: younger, smaller, lesser

Q: siab
A: high, tall

Q: deb
A: far

Q: ze
A: near, close by

Q: dav
A: broad, wide

Q: hnyav
A: heavy

Q: du
A: smooth

Q: txhav
A: stiff

Q: qhuav
A: dry

Q: qaub
A: sour

Q: qab
A: sweet, pleasant; usefulness, worthiness

Q: txaus
A: enough, sufficient

Q: yoojyim
A: easy; simple; convenient

Q: raug
A: correct, accurate

Q: dawb
A: white; clean; free of charge

Q: dub
A: black; dark

Q: daj
A: yellow

Q: xiav
A: blue; green — one term covering both (grue); also sad

Q: xim kab ntxwv
A: orange (the colour)

Q: zuag
A: pointed, sharp; dim, dark

Q: nkhaus
A: crooked

Q: qaij
A: slanting

Q: txaj (adj)
A: ashamed, embarrassed

Q: txaj muag
A: shamefaced, ashamed

Q: qab siab
A: happy, at ease, satisfied

Q: raug siab
A: pleased, satisfied; pleasing

Q: siab kaj
A: satisfied, pleased, refreshed

Q: siab ceev
A: quick-tempered, prone to anger

Q: xu siab
A: undesirable, off-putting

Q: twm (adj)
A: single, lone, alone

Q: ub
A: distant, far away; of the distant past

Q: xwb
A: only, alone, just

Q: tsis
A: not

Q: yog
A: right, correct; to be

Q: heev
A: very much

Q: kawg
A: extremely; lastly, finally; the end of

Q: dua
A: again; another; more than

Q: rov
A: again

Q: ceev
A: swiftly, quickly; forcibly

Q: ntxov
A: early; hurry, quick

Q: maj mam
A: slowly

Q: meej
A: clearly

Q: khoom
A: freely

Q: ib txhis
A: forever, always

Q: kaxv kaxv
A: occasionally

Q: sib
A: mutually, acting together or against each other

Q: dhau
A: through; beyond; to pass

Q: tsaug zog
A: asleep, sleepy

Q: tsuag (adv)
A: used in tsuag tsuag 'quickly'

Q: nyuam (adv)
A: being small