#separator:tab #html:false #columns:Front Back а (a) armspan авсӄ (avsq) ruff (fish, Gymnocephalus cernua) авғс (avɣs) glue (made from fish skin and bladder) (variant 1 of 2) авғур̌ (avɣur̥) glue (made from fish skin and bladder) (variant 2 of 2) азмыть (azməč) man (variant 1 of 2) азмытьэӻлӈ (azməčeʁlŋ) boy; male child айзӈ (ajzŋ) gold (variant 1 of 2) айм (ajm) dog (used during hunting season) айс (ajs) gold (variant 2 of 2) айфтиӈ (ajftiŋ) fable; tale акан (akan) elder brother аки (aki) elder brother; big brother алр̌ (alr̥) berry (variant 1 of 2) алс (als) berry (variant 2 of 2) алхтур̌ (alxtur̥) lyrical love song амра (amra) taste амх (amx) mouth амӈирӈ (amŋirŋ) round wooden bowl with a saucer, used at bear festivals антӽ (antχ) guest ань (ań) year ань ырӈ (ań ərŋ) season аньӽ (ańχ) female (animal that can give birth) анғи (anɣi) heel (of the foot) ар̌ (ar̥) male ар̌ пʼеӄ (ar̥ pʰeq) rooster арак (arak) vodka арфэӄ (arfeq) rooster; cock асӄ (asq) younger brother; younger sister ат (at) lion; tiger атак (atak) grandfather атат (atat) raven атик (atik) younger sibling атим (atim) grandmother атк (atk) grandfather; father-in-law ау (au) voice; sound аф (af) facial hair; beard; moustache ая (aja) turtle аӻаӄм (aʁaqm) hail вазаӽ (vazaχ) heron; egret (variant 1 of 2) вазӽ (vazχ) heron; egret (variant 2 of 2) вал (val) colour вань (vań) cauldron; pot ват (vat) iron (variant 1 of 2) ваӄи (vaqi) box ваӻс (vaʁs) shark; whitefish вес (ves) raven; crow вить (vič) body вих (vix) nose (variant 1 of 3) во (vo) village, settlement, town; nomadic camp вонӈ (vonŋ) villager; inhabitant восӄ (vosq) bush, shrub вукр̌ (vukr̥) row; layer; stratum вукс (vuks) leash, tether вызғалр̌ (vəzɣalr̥) a dessert of boiled fish, berries and seal fat (cf. tolkusha) выскф (vəskf) place where competitive fights are held выть (vəč) iron (variant 2 of 2) выч (vəč) metallic decorations on a woman's gown дяӄо (ǯaqo) knife (variant 1 of 2) ераӄ (jeraq) porridge, gruel еф (jef) kitchen заӄ (zaq) titmouse зом (zom) harlequin duck и (i) river инаў (inaw) ritual shavings иньдь (ińǯ) food; to eat ирпф (irpf) saddle иу (iu) duck иус (ius) pike (fish) иғлуладь (iɣlulaǯ) tiger иғрӈамх (iɣrŋamx) stream; brook иғӈа (iɣŋa) merganser; goosander йиф (jif) place; area; district йытӈунивх (jətŋunivx) watchman; guard кʼвыр̌ (kʰvər̥) gut, intestine (of an animal) кʼе (kʰe) net, seine кʼеӄ (kʰeq) fox кʼеӈ (kʰeŋ) sun кʼиу (kʰiu) cell of a seine кʼлы (kʰlə) sky кʼмый (kʰməj) oak кʼр̌уӈи (kʰr̥uŋi) sandpiper; snipe кʼу (kʰu) arrow; bullet кʼувань (kʰuvań) large copper cauldron кʼузр̌ (kʰuzr̥) wolverine кʼуквур̌ (kʰukvur̥) crumb кʼыск (kʰəsk) cat кʼыскнонӄ (kʰəsknonq) kitten кай (kaj) sail кеоз (keoz) string (of an implement) кер̌ӄ (ker̥q) sea кехӈ (kexŋ) spirit (assisting a shaman) кеӈ (keŋ) a mid-sized whale кеӽ (keχ) gull; seagull кикун (kikun) horned owl; eagle-owl кинр̌ (kinr̥) evil spirit; devil; demon кнык (knək) crag; cliff; promontory куйӈи (kujŋi) willow bush кур (kur) universe, world; god, deity курӈай (kurŋaj) chipmunk (variant 1 of 2) кывғыв (kəvɣəv) spider кыдр (kədr) back (of the body) кыкык (kəkək) swan (variant 1 of 2) кылаӈа (kəlaŋa) snake кылмр (kəlmr) board (e.g. of a box) кыхкых (kəxkəx) swan (variant 2 of 2) ла (la) wind лавӄор̌ (lavqor̥) sea urchin лах (lax) cloud лаӄр̌ (laqr̥) squirrel лаӈр̌ (laŋr̥) ringed seal (genus Pusa) лезӈ (lezŋ) shed on piles for bear-festival bones and ritual objects леп (lep) bread лепр̌анивӈ (lepr̥anivŋ) baker лиғр̌ (liɣr̥) wolf (variant 1 of 2) лиғс (liɣs) wolf (variant 2 of 2) лоча диф (loča dif) Russian language лоӈ (loŋ) moon; month лоӈи (loŋi) fur seal лу (lu) song лумр (lumr) sable лур̌ (lur̥) ice floe лураюниғвӈ (lurajuniɣvŋ) song collector; musicologist лый (ləj) thunder лых (ləx) rain; weather мавр (mavr) drake мамӻать (mamʁač) old woman марр̌ (marr̥) fish scales мезлаӈ сӽар̌ (mezlaŋ sχar̥) rowan bush мем (mem) rainbow; monkey миф (mif) earth мих (mix) nose (variant 2 of 3) мла (mla) ear (variant 1 of 2) моть (moč) breast му (mu) boat мур (mur) horse мурӈ нонӄ (murŋ nonq) foal мускыр̌ (muskər̥) poplar tree муспи (muspi) coast; shore мухтук (muxtuk) mouse муғв (muɣv) day (variant 1 of 2) муғф (muɣf) day (variant 2 of 2) мыкс (məks) truth; sincerity мыло (məlo) soap мылосиф (məlosif) soapdish нана (nana) elder sister; big sister нанак (nanak) elder sister; paternal aunt нивх (nivx) person; human being; a Nivkh нивх туғс (nivx tuɣs) Nivkh language нивғӈ (nivɣŋ) person; human being (variant 1 of 3) нивӈ (nivŋ) person; human being (variant 2 of 3) ниғвӈ (niɣvŋ) person; human being (variant 3 of 3) ниӿоӈ диф (nihoŋ dif) Japanese language нойк (nojk) egg нос (nos) ear (variant 2 of 2) няӻр (ńaʁr) rat няӽ (ńaχ) eye нёни (ńoni) goose овӻоӈ (ovʁoŋ) pig озр (ozr) ant ойр̌ (ojr̥) juniper олӻоӈ (olʁoŋ) pig, boar олӻоӈ нонӄ (olʁoŋ nonq) piglet остол (ostol) table охт (oxt) medicine оғла (oɣla) child; son (variant 1 of 2) оӻла (oʁla) child; son (variant 2 of 2) оӻм (oʁm) tree bark пʼал (pʰal) floor пʼеӄ (pʰeq) hen пʼеӄ нонӄ (pʰeq nonq) chick пʼиск (pʰisk) kite (bird) пʼорпʼорс (pʰorpʰors) fringe пʼр̌оӄ (pʰr̥oq) teal (duck) пʼрыу эӻлӈ (pʰrəu eʁlŋ) student, pupil пʼуф (pʰuf) saw (tool) пазр̌ (pazr̥) half пал (pal) hill; knoll парф (parf) evening пасӄ (pasq) half; one of a pair паӽ (paχ) rock; stone питғы (pitɣə) book; letter; literacy питғыдаюнивх (pitɣədajunivx) writer; author пих (pix) knee (variant 1 of 2) пихти (pixti) knee (variant 2 of 2) поми (pomi) dolphin пос (pos) textile, fabric; cotton пуйӈа (pujŋa) bird; duck (variant 1 of 2) пуньдь (puńǯ) bow (weapon) пыйӈа (pəjŋa) bird; duck (variant 2 of 2) пығи (pəɣi) Steller sea lion р̌аӈӷ (r̥aŋɢ) woman (variant 1 of 2) р̌аӈӷэӻлӈ (r̥aŋɢeʁlŋ) girl; female child рал (ral) frog риӈго (riŋgo) apple рыуумгу (rəuumgu) female teacher сета (seta) sugar сидух (sidux) barrel тʼар̌ӄраӽ (tʰar̥qraχ) capercaillie тʼару (tʰaru) gulf; bay тʼатӈ (tʰatŋ) morning тʼаӻр (tʰaʁr) chipmunk (variant 2 of 2) тʼлеўла ӈа (tʰlewla ŋa) partridge тʼолхаскр (tʰolxaskr) falcon тʼом (tʰom) fat тʼоӻзаӈ (tʰoʁzaŋ) conifer cone тʼр̌ат (tʰr̥at) wagtail тʼу (tʰu) dogsled тʼулф (tʰulf) winter тʼурс (tʰurs) floor of a sled тʼуск (tʰusk) spruce tree, fir tree тʼуф (tʰuf) smoke тʼуғр (tʰuɣr) fire (variant 1 of 2) тʼуғр̌ (tʰuɣr̥) fire (variant 2 of 2) тʼуғр̌му (tʰuɣr̥mu) ship, steamer тавух яйву ӈа (tavux jajvu ŋa) domesticated animal; pet тай (taj) tundra; taiga; peat bog тамк (tamk) arm; hand тамх (tamx) tobacco таф (taf) house (variant 1 of 2) тафть (tafč) salt таӈваӈ (taŋvaŋ) ramson, bear garlic таӽ (taχ) epidemic твирк (tvirk) bile тер̌ (ter̥) tree trunk; bough тес (tes) branch, bough (variant 1 of 2) теўзеў (tewzew) owl тилф (tilf) autumn тиф (tif) speech, language; road, path; autumn тиғр (tiɣr) tree тол (tol) sea; a body of water толф (tolf) summer тот (tot) upper arm тоӈӄ (toŋq) elbow ту (tu) lake тунь (tuń) finger тупр̌ (tupr̥) down; feathers тур̌ (tur̥) meat (variant 1 of 2) тутут (tutut) turtle dove; collared dove туғс (tuɣs) speech, language туӈ (tuŋ) sea lion тымк (təmk) hand; arm тыф (təf) house (variant 2 of 2) тюс (čus) meat (variant 2 of 2) тятьр̌ (čačr̥) seagull тяӄо (čaqo) knife (variant 2 of 2) тяӈӽ (čaŋχ) branch, bough (variant 2 of 2) тёӈр̌ (čoŋr̥) head улаӈ (ulaŋ) hill умгу (umgu) woman (variant 2 of 2) уньғыр̌ (uńɣər̥) star ур̌ (ur̥) island урк (urk) night ут (ut) body; human body утку (utku) man (variant 2 of 2) утӻаврр̌ (utʁavrr̥) riddle ух (ux) nose (variant 3 of 3) уӈа (uŋa) glowworm; firefly хота (xota) town хыл (xəl) ritual wooden utensil depicting a bear hunt ча (ča) tea (variant 1 of 2) чай (čaj) tea (variant 2 of 2) чалу (čalu) fog чам (čam) eagle; shaman чарб (čarb) silk чарӈи (čarŋi) rain cloud чатьф (čačf) swamp чафӄ (čafq) chopstick пыңх (pəŋx) soup пынрай выңх (pənraj vəŋx) duck soup (shows consonant mutation п→в) амсп выңх (amsp vəŋx) seal soup (shows consonant mutation) тьхыф пыңх (čxəf pəŋx) bear soup (no mutation, after fricative -ф) ағд (aɣd) to bark вавд (vavd) to live together; to pound, crush, grind вадуд (vadud) to raise; to breed, to grow вайд (vajd) to howl loudly (of dogs) вандудь (vanduǯ) to raise; to breed вед (ved) to go, run (of an animal) вердь (verǯ) to be wide вид (vid) to go (of a person) (variant 1 of 2) видь (viǯ) to go (of a person) (variant 2 of 2) вывдь (vəvǯ) to pound; to crush; to grind выскть (vəskč) to fight competitively; to wrestle вығдь (vəɣǯ) to break; to rip ед (jed) to cook; to stew (variant 1 of 3) едь (jeǯ) to cook; to stew (variant 2 of 3) енд (jend) to cook; to stew (variant 3 of 3) зозудь (zozuǯ) to turn off; to extinguish зосӄть (zosqč) to break; to ruin ивд (ivd) to have (variant 1 of 2) ивдь (ivǯ) to have (variant 2 of 2) илғд (ilɣd) to slice the flesh from a hide иньд (ińd) to eat иньғудь (ińɣuǯ) to feed ирмыд (irməd) to cross a river or mountain ridge итть (itč) to say; to talk йыскымдь (jəskəmǯ) to explain; to convince йытӈудь (jətŋuǯ) to guard; to watch over кʼер̌ӄод (kʰer̥qod) to fish, to angle кʼикт (kʰikt) to row (variant 1 of 2) кʼызд (kʰəzd) to uproot (a tree) кʼыстилығыдь (kʰəstiləɣəǯ) to be unlucky кулудь (kuluǯ) to open one's eyes wide in surprise or fright кыд (kəd) to fall (of precipitation) кылдь (kəlǯ) to be long лаӄрд (laqrd) to play луд (lud) to sing; to braid, to knit (variant 1 of 2) лудь (luǯ) to sing; to braid, to knit (variant 2 of 2) мард (mard) to rise; to get up; to climb марнд (marnd) to approach мағд (maɣd) to descend, to go down маӻнд (maʁnd) to go up (a shore) мролвдь (mrolvǯ) to be old, ancient мрыдь (mrəǯ) to swim мудь (muǯ) to die; to become муиныдь (muinəǯ) to get sick, to fall ill мырдь (mərǯ) to rise; to get up мғедь (mɣeǯ) to row (variant 2 of 2) ни (ni) I чи (či) you (singular) иф (if) he, she, it (variant 1 of 2) яӈ (jaŋ) he, she, it (variant 2 of 2) ин (in) he, she; they мер (mer) we, our (variant 1 of 3) мин (min) we, our (variant 2 of 3) ньыӈ (ńəŋ) we, our (variant 3 of 3) меги (megi) we two (inclusive dual) нин (nin) one (counting humans); we (exclusive) имӈ (imŋ) they, their аӈ (aŋ) who, whom (variant 1 of 2) нар̌ (nar̥) who, whom (variant 2 of 2) аӈӿагин (aŋhagin) nobody, no one (variant 1 of 2) нар̌тиӈ (nar̥tiŋ) nobody, no one (variant 2 of 2) ненӈ (nenŋ) one (counting humans) ньын (ńən) one (counting animals) (variant 1 of 2) нян (ńan) one (counting animals) (variant 2 of 2) няӄр̌ (ńaqr̥) one (counting objects) (variant 1 of 2) ним (nim) one (counting boats) нир̌ (nir̥) one (counting sleds) нео (neo) one (counting seines and fishing nets) менӈ (menŋ) two (counting humans) мар̌ (mar̥) two (counting animals) (variant 1 of 2) мор̌ (mor̥) two (counting animals) (variant 2 of 2) меӄр̌ (meqr̥) two (counting objects) мевор (mevor) two (counting seines) тяӄр̌ (čaqr̥) three (counting humans and objects) тёр̌ (čor̥) three (counting animals) тьӈаӄ (čŋaq) three (counting rods strung with smelt) нырӈ (nərŋ) four (counting humans) нур̌ (nur̥) four (counting animals) ныкр̌ (nəkr̥) four (counting objects) нӈыӄ (nŋəq) four (counting rods strung with smelt) тʼорӈ (tʰorŋ) five (counting humans) тʼор̌ (tʰor̥) five (counting animals) тʼоӄр̌ (tʰoqr̥) five (counting objects) ӈах (ŋax) six ӈамк (ŋamk) seven (variant 1 of 2) ӈамг (ŋamg) seven (variant 2 of 2) минр̌ (minr̥) eight ньыньбен (ńəńben) nine няндорӈ (ńandorŋ) nine (counting humans) няндор̌ (ńandor̥) nine (counting animals and objects) мӽоӈ (mχoŋ) ten (counting humans) мӽос (mχos) ten (counting animals) мӽоӄр̌ (mχoqr̥) ten (counting objects) мӽоу (mχou) ten (counting seines and fishing nets) ӈаӻмӽо (ŋaʁmχo) sixty (counting humans) (variant 1 of 2) мғонемӄаӈ (mɣonemqaŋ) ten thousand аг (ag) there ағр̌ (aɣr̥) when (variant 1 of 2) ығр̌ (əɣr̥) when (variant 2 of 2) наўх (nawx) today (variant 1 of 2) ных (nəx) today (variant 2 of 2) намр̌ (namr̥) yesterday (variant 1 of 2) нымр̌ (nəmr̥) yesterday (variant 2 of 2) пат (pat) tomorrow (variant 1 of 2) пыт (pət) tomorrow (variant 2 of 2) ныкы (nəkə) a little; nearby пʼова (pʰova) immediately; right away ырты-ырты (ərtə-ərtə) constantly; all the time ығрӿагин (əɣrhagin) always выри-выри (vəri-vəri) in single file; one after another р̌атӽӿагин (r̥atχhagin) nowhither; to nowhere ӿы (hə) uh-huh; mhm (agreement) ӿыи (həi) whoa!; oh! (surprise) ыныя (ənəja) yay!; hurray! ӿана (hana) come on; well (encouragement) ӿай (haj) (expressing fear or fright) хей хей (xej xej) (expressing regret, pity or disappointment) фай фай (faj faj) ew (disgust) ыпып (əpəp) brr (feeling cold) ӿу ӿу (hu hu) phew (weariness) ухта (uxta) (delight after catching a bear) пы пы (pə pə) hushaby (putting a baby to sleep) порр̌ (porr̥) stop; slow down (command to a dog team) тюй (čuj) left! (command to a dog team) низчу (nizču) one (counting nets) ниу (niu) one (counting holes/cells in a seine) ньвор (ńvor) one (counting seines) ньлай (ńlaj) one (counting strands of rope) ньфат (ńfat) one (counting seal and kaluga tackle) ньғуви (ńɣuvi) one (counting bunches of dog food) ньӈаӄ (ńŋaq) one (counting rods strung with smelt) няр (ńar) one (counting bunches of yukola, dried fish) няӄр (ńaqr) one (counting objects) (variant 2 of 2) мефат (mefat) two (counting seal and kaluga tackle) мӈаӄ (mŋaq) two (counting rods strung with smelt) ӈағмӽоӈ (ŋaɣmχoŋ) sixty (counting humans) (variant 2 of 2)